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Network Working Group J. Postel
Request for Comments: 840 ISI
April 1983
Official Protocols
This RFC identifies the documents specifying the official protocols used
in the Internet. Annotations identify any revisions or changes planned.
To first order, the official protocols are those in the Internet
Protocol Transition Workbook (IPTW) dated March 1982. There are several
protocols in use that are not in the IPTW. A few of the protocols in
the IPTW have been revised these are noted here. In particular, the
mail protocols have been revised and issued as a volume titled "Internet
Mail Protocols" dated November 1982. There is a volume of protocol
related information called the Internet Protocol Implementers Guide
(IPIG) dated August 1982. A few of the protocols (in particular the
Telnet Options) have not been revised for many years, these are found in
the old ARPANET Protocol Handbook (APH) dated January 1978.
This document is organized as a sketchy outline. The entries are
protocols (e.g., Transmission Control Protocol). In each entry there
are notes on status, specification, comments, other references,
dependencies, and contact.
The status is one of: required, recommended, elective, or
experimental.
The specification identifies the protocol defining documents.
The comments describe any differences from the specification or
problems with the protocol.
The other references identify documents that comment on or expand on
the protocol.
The dependencies indicate what other protocols are called upon by
this protocol.
The contact indicates a person who can answer questions about the
protocol.
Postel [Page 1]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols In particular, the status may need some further clarification: required - all hosts must implement the required protocol, recommended - all hosts are encouraged to implement the recommended protocol, elective - hosts may implement or not the elective protocol, experimental - hosts should not implement the experimental protocol unless they are participating in the experiment and have coordinated their use of this protocol with the contact person, and none - this is not a protocol. Overview Catenet Model STATUS: None SPECIFICATION: IEN 48 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: Gives an overview of the organization and principles of the Internet. Could be revised and expanded. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 2]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Network Level Internet Protocol (IP) STATUS: Required SPECIFICATION: RFC 791 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: A few minor problems have been noted in this document. The most serious is a bit of confusion in the route options. The route options have a pointer that indicates which octet of the route is the next to be used. The confusion is between the phrases "the pointer is relative to this option" and "the smallest legal value for the pointer is 4". If you are confused, forget about the relative part, the pointer begins at 4. Another important point is the alternate reassembly procedure suggested in RFC 815. Note that ICMP is defined to be an integral part of IP. You have not completed an implementation of IP if it does not include ICMP. OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 815 (in IPIG) - IP Datagram Reassembly Algorithms RFC 814 (in IPIG) - Names, Addresses, Ports, and Routes RFC 816 (in IPIG) - Fault Isolation and Recovery RFC 817 (in IPIG) - Modularity and Efficiency in Protocol Implementation DEPENDENCIES: CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 3]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) STATUS: Required SPECIFICATION: RFC 792 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: A few minor errors in the document have been noted. Suggestions have been made for additional types of redirect message and additional destination unreachable messages. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Host Level User Datagram Protocol (UDP) STATUS: Recommended SPECIFICATION: RFC 768 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: The only change noted for the UDP specification is a minor clarification that if in computing the checksum a padding octet is used for the computation it is not transmitted or counted in the length. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 4]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) STATUS: Recommended SPECIFICATION: RFC 793 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: Many comments and corrections have been received for the TCP specification document. These are primarily document bugs rather than protocol bugs. Event Processing Section: There are many minor corrections and clarifications needed in this section. Push: There are still some phrases in the document that give a "record mark" flavor to the push. These should be further clarified. The push is not a record mark. Listening Servers: Several comments have been received on difficulties with contacting listening servers. There should be some discussion of implementation issues for servers, and some notes on alternative models of system and process organization for servers. Maximum Segment Size: The maximum segment size option should be generalized and clarified. It can be used to either increase or decrease the maximum segment size from the default. The default should be established more clearly. The default is based on the default maximum Internet Datagram size which is 576 octets counting the IP and TCP headers. The option counts only the segment data. For each of IP and TCP the minimum header is 20 octets and the maximum header is 60 octets. So the default maximum data segment is could be anywhere from 456 to 536 octets. The current proposal is to set it at 536 data octets. Idle Connections: There have been questions about automatically closing idle connections. Idle connections are ok, and should not be closed. There are several cases where idle connections arise, for example, in Telnet when a user is thinking for a long time following a message from the server computer before his next input. There is no TCP "probe" mechanism, and none is needed. Queued Receive Data on Closing: There are several points where it is not clear from the description what to do about data received by the TCP but not yet passed to the user, particularly when the connection is being closed. In general, Postel [Page 5]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols the data is to be kept to give to the user if he does a RECV call. Out of Order Segments: The description says that segments that arrive out of order, that is, are not exactly the next segment to be processed, may be kept on hand. It should also point out that there is a very large performance penalty for not doing so. User Time Out: This is the time out started on an open or send call. If this user time out occurs the user should be notified, but the connection should not be closed or the TCB deleted. The user should explicitly ABORT the connection if he wants to give up. OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 813 (in IPIG) - Window and Acknowledgement Strategy in TCP RFC 814 (in IPIG) - Names, Addresses, Ports, and Routes RFC 816 (in IPIG) - Fault Isolation and Recovery RFC 817 (in IPIG) - Modularity and Efficiency in Protocol Implementation DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Host Monitoring Protocol (HMP) STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: IEN 197 COMMENTS: This is a good tool for debuging protocol implementations in small remotely located computers. This protocol is used to monitor Internet gateways and the TACs. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Hinden@BBN-UNIX Postel [Page 6]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Cross Net Debugger (XNET) STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: IEN 158 COMMENTS: This specification should be updated and reissued as an RFC. OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 643 DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: RFC 827 COMMENTS: Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 7]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Gateway Gateway Protocol (GGP) STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: RFC 823 COMMENTS: Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Brescia@BBN-UNIX Multiplexing Protocol STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: IEN 90 COMMENTS: No current experiment in progress. There is some question as to the extent to which the sharing this protocol envisions can actually take place. Also, there are some issues about the information captured in the multiplexing header being (a) insufficient, or (b) over specific. Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 8]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Stream Protocol (ST) STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: IEN 119 COMMENTS: The implementation of this protocol has evolved and may no longer be consistent with this specification. The document should be updated and issued as an RFC. Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol CONTACT: Forgie@BBN Network Voice Protocol (NVP-II) STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: RFC xxx COMMENTS: The specification is an ISI Internal Memo which should be updated and issued as an RFC. Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Protocol, Stream Protocol CONTACT: Casner@USC-ISIB Postel [Page 9]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Application Level Telnet Protocol (TELNET) STATUS: Recommended SPECIFICATION: RFC 764 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: A few minor typographical errors should be corrected and some clarification of the SYNCH mechanism should be made. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Telnet Options (TELNET) Number Name RFC NIC APH USE ------ ------------------------------------ --- ----- --- --- 0 Binary Transmission ... 15389 yes yes 1 Echo ... 15390 yes yes 2 Reconnection ... 15391 yes no 3 Suppress Go Ahead ... 15392 yes yes 4 Approximate Message Size Negotiation ... 15393 yes no 5 Status 651 31154 yes yes 6 Timing Mark ... 16238 yes yes 7 Remote Controlled Trans and Echo 726 39237 yes no 8 Output Line Width ... 20196 yes no 9 Output Page Size ... 20197 yes no 10 Output Carriage-Return Disposition 652 31155 yes no 11 Output Horizontal Tabstops 653 31156 yes no 12 Output Horizontal Tab Disposition 654 31157 yes no 13 Output Formfeed Disposition 655 31158 yes no 14 Output Vertical Tabstops 656 31159 yes no 15 Output Vertical Tab Disposition 657 31160 yes no 16 Output Linefeed Disposition 658 31161 yes no 17 Extended ASCII 698 32964 yes no 18 Logout 727 40025 yes no 19 Byte Macro 735 42083 yes no 20 Data Entry Terminal 732 41762 yes no 21 SUPDUP 734 736 42213 yes no 22 SUPDUP Output 749 45449 no no 23 Send Location 779 ----- no no 255 Extended-Options-List ... 16239 yes yes Postel [Page 10]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: (in APH) COMMENTS: There is an open question about some of these. Most of the options are implemented by so few hosts that perhaps they should be eliminated. These should all be studied and the useful ones reissued as RFCs. The last column (USE) of the table above indicates which options are in general use. The following are recommended: Binary Transmission, Echo, Suppress Go Ahead, Status, Timing Mark, and Extended Options List. Many of these must be revised for use with TCP. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Telnet CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF File Transfer Protocol (FTP) STATUS: Recommended SPECIFICATION: RFC 765 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: There are a number of minor corrections to be made. A major change is the deletion of the mail commands, and a major clarification is needed in the discussion of the management of the data connection. Also, a suggestion has been made to include some directory manipulation commands (RFC 775). Eventhough the MAIL features are defined in this document, they are not to be used. The SMTP protocol is to be used for all mail service in the Internet. Data Connection Management: a. Default Data Connection Ports: All FTP implementations must support use of the default data connection ports, and only the User-PI may initiate the use of non-default ports. Postel [Page 11]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols b. Negotiating Non-Default Data Ports: The User-PI may specify a non-default user side data port with the PORT command. The User-PI may request the server side to identify a non-default server side data port with the PASV command. Since a connection is defined by the pair of addresses, either of these actions is enough to get a different data connection, still it is permitted to do both commands to use new ports on both ends of the data connection. c. Reuse of the Data Connection: When using the stream mode of data transfer the end of the file must be indicated by closing the connection. This causes a problem if multiple files are to be transfered in the session, due to need for TCP to hold the connection record for a time out period to guarantee the reliable communication. Thus the connection can not be reopened at once. There are two solutions to this problem. The first is to negotiate a non-default port (as in (b) above). The second is to use another transfer mode. A comment on transfer modes. The stream transfer mode is inherently unreliable, since one can not determine if the connection closed prematurely or not. The other transfer modes (Block, Compressed) do not close the connection to indicate the end of file. They have enough FTP encoding that the data connection can be parsed to determine the end of the file. Thus using these modes one can leave the data connection open for multiple file transfers. Why this was not a problem with the old NCP FTP: The NCP was designed with only the ARPANET in mind. The ARPANET provides very reliable service, and the NCP counted on it. If any packet of data from an NCP connection were lost or damaged by the network the NCP could not recover. It is a tribute to the ARPANET designers that the NCP FTP worked so well. The TCP is designed to provide reliable connections over many different types of networks and interconnections of networks. TCP must cope with a set of networks that can not promise to work as well as the ARPANET. TCP must make its own provisions for end-to-end recovery from lost or damaged packets. This leads to the need for the connection phase-down time-out. The NCP never had to deal with acknowledgements or retransmissions or many other Postel [Page 12]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols things the TCP must do to make connection reliable in a more complex world. LIST and NLST: There is some confusion about the LIST an NLST commands, and what is appropriate to return. Some clarification and motivation for these commands should be added to the specification. OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 678 - Document File Format Standards DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 783 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: No known problems with this specification. This is in use in several local networks. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) STATUS: Recommended SPECIFICATION: RFC 821 COMMENTS: This has been revised since the IPTW, it is in the "Internet Mail Protocols" volume of November 1982. RFC 788 (in IPTW) is obsolete. There have been many misunderstandings and errors in the early Postel [Page 13]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols implementations. Some documentation of these problems can be found in the file [ISIF]<SMTP>MAIL.ERRORS. Some minor differences between RFC 821 and RFC 822 should be resolved. OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 822 - Mail Header Format Standards This has been revised since the IPTW, it is in the "Internet Mail Protocols" volume of November 1982. RFC 733 (in IPTW) is obsolete. Further revision of RFC 822 is needed to correct some minor errors in the details of the specification. DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Remote Job Entry (RJE) STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 407 (in APH) COMMENTS: Some changes needed for use with TCP. No known active implementations. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: File Transfer Protocol Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 14]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Remote Job Service (NETRJS) STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 740 (in APH) COMMENTS: Used with the UCLA IBM OS system. Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. Revision in progress. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Braden@USC-ISIA Remote Telnet Service STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 818 COMMENTS: OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Telnet, Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Graphics Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: NIC 24308 (in APH) COMMENTS: Very minor changes needed for use with TCP. No known active implementations. OTHER REFERENCES: Postel [Page 15]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols DEPENDENCIES: Telnet, Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Echo Protocol STATUS: Recommended SPECIFICATION: RFC 347 COMMENTS: This specification should be revised for use with TCP and reissued. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol or User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Discard Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 348 COMMENTS: This specification should be revised for use with TCP and reissued. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol or User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 16]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Character Generator Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 429 COMMENTS: This specification should be revised for use with TCP and reissued. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol or User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Quote of the Day Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC xxx COMMENTS: Open a connection to this server, it sends you a quote (as a character string), and closes the connection. This should be described in an RFC. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol or User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Active Users Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC xxx COMMENTS: Open a connection to this server, it sends you a list of the currently logged in users (as a character string), and closes the connection. This should be described in an RFC. Postel [Page 17]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol or User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Finger Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 742 (in APH) COMMENTS: Some extensions have been suggested. Some changes are are needed for TCP. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF NICNAME Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 812 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: Accesses the ARPANET Directory database. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Feinler@SRI-NIC Postel [Page 18]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols HOSTNAME Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 811 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: Accesses the Registered Internet Hosts database (HOSTS.TXT). OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 810 - Host Table Specification DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Feinler@SRI-NIC Host Name Server Protocol STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: IEN 116 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: This specification has significant problems: 1) The name syntax is out of date. 2) The protocol details are ambiguous, in particular, the length octet either does or doesn't include itself and the op code. 3) The extensions are not supported by any known implementation. Work is in progress on a significant revision. Further implementations of this protocol are not advised. Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 19]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols CSNET Mailbox Name Server Protocol STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: CS-DN-2 COMMENTS: Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Solomon@UWISC Daytime Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC xxx COMMENTS: Open a connection to this server, it sends you the date and time (as a character string), and closes the connection. This should be described in an RFC. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol or User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Time Server Protocol STATUS: Recommended SPECIFICATION: IEN 142 COMMENTS: Open a connection to this server, it sends you the date and time (as a 32-bit number), and closes the connection. Or send a user datagram and it send back a datagram containing the date and time (as a 32-bit number). Postel [Page 20]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols No known problems. Specification should be reissued as an RFC. OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol or User Datagram Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF DCNET Time Server Protocol (Internet Clock Service) STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 778 COMMENTS: OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Internet Control Message Protocol CONTACT: Mills@LINKABIT-DCN6 SUPDUP Protocol STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 734 (in APH) COMMENTS: OTHER REFERENCES: DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Admin.MRC@SU-SCORE Internet Message Protocol (MPM) STATUS: Experimental SPECIFICATION: RFC 753 COMMENTS: This is an experimental multimedia mail transfer protocol. The implementation is called a Message Processing Module or MPM. Postel [Page 21]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Please discuss any plans for implementation or use of this protocol with the contact. OTHER REFERENCES: RFC 767 - Structured Document Formats DEPENDENCIES: Transmission Control Protocol CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Appendices Assigned Numbers STATUS: None SPECIFICATION: RFC 820 COMMENTS: Describes the fields of various protocols that are assigned specific values for actual use, and lists the currently assigned values. Issued January 1983, replaces RFC 790 in IPTW. OTHER REFERENCES: CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Pre-emption STATUS: Elective SPECIFICATION: RFC 794 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: Describes how to do pre-emption of TCP connections. OTHER REFERENCES: CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 22]
RFC 840 April 1983 Official Protocols Service Mappings STATUS: None SPECIFICATION: RFC 795 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: Describes the mapping of the IP type of service field onto the parameters of some specific networks. Out of date, needs revision. OTHER REFERENCES: CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Address Mappings STATUS: None SPECIFICATION: RFC 796 (in IPTW) COMMENTS: Describes the mapping of the IP address field onto the address field of some specific networks. Out of date, needs revision. OTHER REFERENCES: CONTACT: Postel@USC-ISIF Postel [Page 23]