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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) M. Boucadair
Request for Comments: 8115 Orange
Category: Standards Track J. Qin
ISSN: 2070-1721 Cisco
T. Tsou
Philips Lighting
X. Deng
The University of New South Wales
March 2017
DHCPv6 Option for IPv4-Embedded Multicast and Unicast IPv6 Prefixes
Abstract
This document defines a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6
(DHCPv6) Option for multicast IPv4 service continuity solutions,
which is used to carry the IPv6 prefixes to be used to build unicast
and multicast IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8115.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 DHCPv6 Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. DHCPv6 Client Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Appendix A. Configuration Recommendations for DHCP Servers . . . 8 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1. Introduction Several solutions (e.g., [RFC8114]) are proposed for the delivery of multicast services in the context of transition to IPv6. Even if these solutions may have different applicable use cases, they all use specific IPv6 addresses that embed IPv4 addresses, for both multicast group and source addresses. This document defines a DHCPv6 option [RFC3315] that carries the IPv6 prefixes to be used for constructing these IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses. In particular, this option can be used in the context of Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite) [RFC6333], Stateless Address plus Port (A+P) [RFC6346], and other IPv4-IPv6 transition techniques. 1.1. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. 2. Terminology This document makes use of the following terms: IPv4-embedded IPv6 address: an IPv6 address that embeds a 32-bit- encoded IPv4 address [RFC6052]. An IPv4-embedded IPv6 address can be a unicast or a multicast address. Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 Prefix64: an IPv6 prefix used for synthesizing IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses. A Prefix64 can be unicast or multicast. Note: "64" is used as an abbreviation for IPv6-IPv4 interconnection. ASM_mPrefix64: a multicast Prefix64 that belongs to the Any-Source Multicast (ASM) range. SSM_mPrefix64: a multicast Prefix64 which belongs to the Source- Specific Multicast (SSM) [RFC4607] range. uPrefix64: a unicast Prefix64 for building the IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses of multicast sources in SSM mode. 3. OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 DHCPv6 Option OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 (Figure 1) conveys the IPv6 prefix(es) to be used (e.g., by an mB4 [RFC8114]) to synthesize IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 | option-length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | asm-length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ : : ASM_mPrefix64 : +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | ssm-length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ : : SSM_mPrefix64 : +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | unicast-length| | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ : : uPrefix64 (Variable) : +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Figure 1: Option Format for OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 The fields of the option shown in Figure 1 are as follows: option-code: OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 (see Section 6). option-length: length of the option, in octets. Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 asm-length: the prefix length for the ASM IPv4-embedded prefix, as an 8-bit unsigned integer. This field represents the number of valid leading bits in the prefix. This field MUST be set to 96. ASM_mPrefix64: this field identifies the IPv6 multicast prefix to be used to synthesize the IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses of the multicast groups in the ASM mode. The conveyed multicast IPv6 prefix MUST belong to the ASM range. ssm-length: the prefix length for the SSM IPv4-embedded prefix, as an 8-bit unsigned integer. This field represents the number of valid leading bits in the prefix. This field MUST be set to 96. SSM_mPrefix64: this field identifies the IPv6 multicast prefix to be used to synthesize the IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses of the multicast groups in SSM mode. The conveyed multicast IPv6 prefix MUST belong to the SSM range. unicast-length: the prefix length for the IPv6 unicast prefix to be used to synthesize the IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses of the multicast sources, as an 8-bit unsigned integer. As specified in [RFC6052], the unicast-length MUST be one of 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, or 96. This field represents the number of valid leading bits in the prefix. uPrefix64: this field identifies the IPv6 unicast prefix to be used in SSM mode for constructing the IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses representing the IPv4 multicast sources in the IPv6 domain. uPrefix64 may also be used to extract the IPv4 address from the received multicast data flows. It is a variable-size field with the length of the field defined by the unicast-length field and is rounded up to the nearest octet boundary. In this case, any additional padding bits must be zeroed. The address mapping MUST follow the guidelines documented in [RFC6052]. Multiple instances of OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 may be returned to a DHCPv6 client. Configuration recommendations for DHCP servers are listed in Appendix A. Note that it was tempting to define three distinct DHCPv6 options, but that approach was not adopted because it has a side effect: the specification of a DHCPv6 option that could be used to discover unicast Prefix64s in environments where multicast is not enabled. Such a side effect conflicts with the recommendation to support the Well-Known DNS Name heuristic discovery-based method for unicast-only environments (Section 6 of [RFC7051]). Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 4. DHCPv6 Client Behavior To retrieve the IPv6 prefixes that will be used to synthesize unicast and multicast IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses, the DHCPv6 client MUST include the OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 code in its OPTION_ORO. If the DHCPv6 client receives more than one OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 option from the DHCPv6 server: o If each enclosed IPv6 multicast prefix has a distinct scope [RFC7346], the client MUST select the appropriate IPv6 multicast prefix whose scope matches the IPv4 multicast address used to synthesize an IPv4-embedded IPv6 multicast address. o If at least two of the received options convey IPv6 multicast prefixes that have the same scope, the said options MUST be discarded. If asm-length, ssm-length and unicast-length fields are all set to 0, the DHCPv6 client MUST behave as if OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 had not been received in the response received from the DHCPv6 server. If the asm-length field is non-null, the IPv6 prefix identified by ASM_mPrefix64 is used to synthesize IPv4-embedded IPv6 multicast addresses in the ASM range. This is achieved by concatenating the ASM_mPrefix64 and the IPv4 multicast address; the IPv4 multicast address is inserted in the last 32 bits of the IPv4-embedded IPv6 multicast address. If the ssm-length field is non-null, the IPv6 prefix identified by SSM_mPrefix64 is used to synthesize IPv4-embedded IPv6 multicast addresses in the SSM range. This is achieved by concatenating the SSM_mPrefix64 and the IPv4 multicast address; the IPv4 multicast address is inserted in the last 32 bits of the IPv4-embedded IPv6 multicast address. If the unicast-length field is non-null, the IPv6 prefix identified by uPrefix64 is used to synthesize IPv4-embedded IPv6 unicast addresses as specified in [RFC6052]. 5. Security Considerations The security considerations documented in [RFC3315] and [RFC6052] are to be considered. Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 6. IANA Considerations IANA has assigned the following option code in the "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)" registry <http://www.iana.org/assignments/dhcpv6-parameters>: Option Name Value ------------------ ----- OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 113 7. References 7.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC3315] Droms, R., Ed., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C., and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, DOI 10.17487/RFC3315, July 2003, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3315>. [RFC4607] Holbrook, H. and B. Cain, "Source-Specific Multicast for IP", RFC 4607, DOI 10.17487/RFC4607, August 2006, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4607>. [RFC6052] Bao, C., Huitema, C., Bagnulo, M., Boucadair, M., and X. Li, "IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators", RFC 6052, DOI 10.17487/RFC6052, October 2010, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6052>. 7.2. Informative References [RFC2365] Meyer, D., "Administratively Scoped IP Multicast", BCP 23, RFC 2365, DOI 10.17487/RFC2365, July 1998, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2365>. [RFC6333] Durand, A., Droms, R., Woodyatt, J., and Y. Lee, "Dual- Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4 Exhaustion", RFC 6333, DOI 10.17487/RFC6333, August 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6333>. [RFC6346] Bush, R., Ed., "The Address plus Port (A+P) Approach to the IPv4 Address Shortage", RFC 6346, DOI 10.17487/RFC6346, August 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6346>. Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 [RFC7051] Korhonen, J., Ed. and T. Savolainen, Ed., "Analysis of Solution Proposals for Hosts to Learn NAT64 Prefix", RFC 7051, DOI 10.17487/RFC7051, November 2013, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7051>. [RFC7346] Droms, R., "IPv6 Multicast Address Scopes", RFC 7346, DOI 10.17487/RFC7346, August 2014, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7346>. [RFC8114] Boucadair, M., Qin, C., Jacquenet, C., Lee, Y., and Q. Wang, "Delivery of IPv4 Multicast Services to IPv4 Clients over an IPv6 Multicast Network", RFC 8114, DOI 10.17487/RFC8114, March 2017, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8114>. Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 Appendix A. Configuration Recommendations for DHCP Servers This appendix details a set of non-normative configuration recommendations: o DHCP servers supporting OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 must be configured with ASM_mPrefix64 or SSM_mPrefix64, and may be configured with both. o uPrefix64 must also be configured when SSM_mPrefix64 is provided. o uPrefix64 may be configured when ASM_mPrefix64 is provided. Note that uPrefix64 is not mandatory for the ASM case if, for example, a local address mapping algorithm is supported or the Well-Known Prefix (64:ff9b::/96) is used. o Both ASM_mPrefix64 and SSM_mPrefix64 may be configured and therefore be returned to a requesting DHCP client in the same OPTION_V6_PREFIX64. In particular, if both SSM and ASM modes are supported, ASM_mPrefix64 and SSM_mPrefix64 prefixes must be configured. For SSM deployments, both SSM_mPrefix64 and uPrefix64 must be configured. o When a multicast Prefix64 (ASM_mPrefix64 or SSM_mPrefix64) is configured, the length of the prefix must be /96. o When distinct IPv6 multicast address scopes [RFC7346] are required to preserve the scope when translating IPv4 multicast addresses (Section 8 of [RFC2365]), each scope is configured as a separate OPTION_V6_PREFIX64. How DHCP servers are configured to separate multicast Prefix64 per scope is implementation specific and not covered by this document. o When scope preservation is not required, only one instance of OPTION_V6_PREFIX64 is configured. Acknowledgments Thanks to C. Jacquenet, S. Venaas, B. Volz, T. Taylor, R. Weber, R. Even, J. Sheng, T. Mrugalski, and T. Chown for their review. Many thanks to I. Farrer and T. Lemon for the comments. Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 8115 IPv4/IPv6 Multicast Prefixes Option March 2017 Authors' Addresses Mohamed Boucadair Orange Rennes 35000 France Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com Jacni Qin Cisco Shanghai China Email: jacni@jacni.com Tina Tsou Philips Lighting United States of America Email: tina.tsou@philips.com Xiaohong Deng The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Email: dxhbupt@gmail.com Boucadair, et al. Standards Track [Page 9]