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Network Working Group A. Kato
Request for Comments: 5529 NTT Software Corporation
Category: Standards Track M. Kanda
NTT
S. Kanno
NTT Software Corporation
April 2009
Modes of Operation for Camellia for Use with IPsec
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
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Abstract
This document describes the use of the Camellia block cipher
algorithm in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, Counter (CTR) mode,
and Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM) mode as additional, optional-to-
implement Internet Key Exchange Protocol version 2 (IKEv2) and
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) mechanisms to provide
confidentiality, data origin authentication, and connectionless
integrity.
Kato, et al. Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 5529 Modes of Operation for Camellia for IPsec April 2009 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................2 1.1. Terminology ................................................3 2. The Camellia Cipher Algorithm ...................................3 2.1. Block Size and Padding .....................................3 2.2. Performance ................................................3 3. Modes ...........................................................3 3.1. Cipher Block Chaining ......................................3 3.2. Counter and Counter with CBC-MAC ...........................3 4. IKEv2 Conventions ...............................................4 4.1. Keying Material ............................................4 4.2. Transform Type 1 ...........................................5 4.3. Key Length Attribute .......................................5 5. Security Considerations .........................................5 6. IANA Considerations .............................................5 7. Acknowledgments .................................................5 8. References ......................................................5 8.1. Normative References .......................................5 8.2. Informative References .....................................6 1. Introduction This document describes the use of the Camellia block cipher algorithm [1] in Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode, Counter (CTR) mode, and Counter with CBC-MAC (CCM) mode as additional, optional-to- implement IKEv2 [2] and Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) [3] mechanisms to provide confidentiality, data origin authentication, and connectionless integrity. Since optimized source code is provided under several open source licenses [9], Camellia is also adopted by several open source projects (OpenSSL, FreeBSD, Linux, and Firefox Gran Paradiso). The algorithm specification and object identifiers are described in [1]. The Camellia web site [10] contains a wealth of information about Camellia, including detailed specification, security analysis, performance figures, reference implementation, optimized implementation, test vectors, and intellectual property information. The remainder of this document specifies the use of various modes of operation for Camellia within the context of IPsec ESP. For further information on how the various pieces of IPsec in general and ESP in particular fit together to provide security services, please refer to [11] and [3]. Kato, et al. Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 5529 Modes of Operation for Camellia for IPsec April 2009 1.1. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [4]. 2. The Camellia Cipher Algorithm All symmetric block cipher algorithms share common characteristics and variables, including mode, key size, weak keys, block size, and rounds. The relevant characteristics of Camellia are described in [1]. 2.1. Block Size and Padding Camellia uses a block size of 16 octets (128 bits). Padding requirements are described: (a) Camellia Padding requirement is specified in [3], (b) Camellia-CBC Padding requirement is specified in [3], (c) Camellia-CCM Padding requirement is specified in [5], and (d) ESP Padding requirement is specified in [3]. 2.2. Performance Performance figures for Camellia are available at [10]. The NESSIE project has reported on the performance of optimized implementations independently [12]. 3. Modes This document describes three modes of operation for the use of Camellia with IPsec: CBC (Cipher Block Chaining), CTR (Counter), and CCM (Counter with CBC-MAC). 3.1. Cipher Block Chaining Camellia CBC mode is defined in [6]. 3.2. Counter and Counter with CBC-MAC Camellia in CTR and CCM modes is used in IPsec as AES in [7] and [8]. In this specification, CCM is used with the Camellia [13] block cipher. Kato, et al. Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 5529 Modes of Operation for Camellia for IPsec April 2009 4. IKEv2 Conventions This section describes the transform ID and conventions used to generate keying material for use with ENCR_CAMELLIA_CBC, ENCR_CAMELLIA_CTR, and ENCR_CAMELLIA_CCM using the Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) [2]. 4.1. Keying Material The size of KEYMAT MUST be equal or longer than the associated Camellia key. The keying material is used as follows: Camellia-CBC with a 128-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CBC key is 16 octets. All 16 octets are the 128-bit Camellia key. Camellia-CBC with a 192-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CBC key is 24 octets. All 24 octets are the 192-bit Camellia key. Camellia-CBC with a 256-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CBC key is 32 octets. All 32 octets are the 256-bit Camellia key. Camellia-CTR with a 128-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CTR key is 20 octets. The first 16 octets are the 128-bit Camellia key, and the remaining four octets are used as the nonce value in the counter block. Camellia-CTR with a 192-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CTR key is 28 octets. The first 24 octets are the 192-bit Camellia key, and the remaining four octets are used as the nonce value in the counter block. Camellia-CTR with a 256-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CTR key is 36 octets. The first 32 octets are the 256-bit Camellia key, and the remaining four octets are used as the nonce value in the counter block. Camellia-CCM with a 128-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CCM key is 19 octets. The first 16 octets are the 128-bit Camellia key, and the remaining three octets are used as the salt value in the counter block. Camellia-CCM with a 192-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CCM key is 27 octets. The first 24 octets are the 192-bit Camellia key, and the remaining three octets are used as the salt value in the counter block. Kato, et al. Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 5529 Modes of Operation for Camellia for IPsec April 2009 Camellia-CCM with a 256-bit key The KEYMAT requested for each Camellia-CCM key is 35 octets. The first 32 octets are the 256-bit Camellia key, and the remaining three octets are used as the salt value in the counter block. 4.2. Transform Type 1 For IKEv2 negotiations, IANA has assigned five ESP Transform Identifiers for Camellia-CBC, Camellia-CTR, and Camellia-CCM, as recorded in Section 6. 4.3. Key Length Attribute Since Camellia supports three key lengths, the Key Length attribute MUST be specified in the IKE exchange [2]. The Key Length attribute MUST have a value of 128, 192, or 256 bits. 5. Security Considerations For security considerations of CTR and CCM mode, this document refers to Section 9 of [7] and Section 7 of [8]. No security problem has been found for Camellia [14], [12]. 6. IANA Considerations IANA has assigned IKEv2 parameters for use with Camellia-CTR and with Camellia-CCM for Transform Type 1 (Encryption Algorithm): 23 for ENCR_CAMELLIA_CBC; 24 for ENCR_CAMELLIA_CTR; 25 for ENCR_CAMELLIA_CCM with an 8-octet ICV; 26 for ENCR_CAMELLIA_CCM with a 12-octet ICV; and 27 for ENCR_CAMELLIA_CCM with a 16-octet ICV. 7. Acknowledgments We thank Tim Polk and Tero Kivinen for their initial review of this document. Thanks to Derek Atkins and Rui Hodai for their comments and suggestions. Special thanks to Alfred Hoenes for several very detailed reviews and suggestions. 8. References 8.1. Normative References [1] Matsui, M., Nakajima, J., and S. Moriai, "A Description of the Camellia Encryption Algorithm", RFC 3713, April 2004. Kato, et al. Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 5529 Modes of Operation for Camellia for IPsec April 2009 [2] Kaufman, C., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol", RFC 4306, December 2005. [3] Kent, S., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", RFC 4303, December 2005. [4] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [5] Dworkin, M., "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: the CCM Mode for Authentication and Confidentiality", NIST Special Publication 800-38C, July 2007, <http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-38C/ SP800-38C_updated-July20_2007.pdf>. [6] Kato, A., Moriai, S., and M. Kanda, "The Camellia Cipher Algorithm and Its Use With IPsec", RFC 4312, December 2005. [7] Housley, R., "Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) CCM Mode with IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", RFC 4309, December 2005. [8] Housley, R., "Using Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Counter Mode With IPsec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)", RFC 3686, January 2004. 8.2. Informative References [9] "Camellia open source software", <http://info.isl.ntt.co.jp/crypt/eng/camellia/source.html>. [10] "Camellia web site", <http://info.isl.ntt.co.jp/camellia/>. [11] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005. [12] "The NESSIE project (New European Schemes for Signatures, Integrity and Encryption)", <http://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/nessie/>. [13] Kato, A., Kanda, M., and S. Kanno, "Camellia Counter Mode and Camellia Counter with CBC-MAC Mode Algorithms", RFC 5528, April 2009. [14] Information-technology Promotion Agency (IPA), "Cryptography Research and Evaluation Committees", <http://www.ipa.go.jp/security/enc/CRYPTREC/index-e.html>. Kato, et al. Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 5529 Modes of Operation for Camellia for IPsec April 2009 Authors' Addresses Akihiro Kato NTT Software Corporation Phone: +81-45-212-7577 Fax: +81-45-212-9800 EMail: akato@po.ntts.co.jp Masayuki Kanda NTT Phone: +81-422-59-3456 Fax: +81-422-59-4015 EMail: kanda.masayuki@lab.ntt.co.jp Satoru Kanno NTT Software Corporation Phone: +81-45-212-7577 Fax: +81-45-212-9800 EMail: kanno-s@po.ntts.co.jp Kato, et al. Standards Track [Page 7]