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Network Working Group O. Levin Request for Comments: 4245 Microsoft Corporation Category: Informational R. Even Polycom November 2005 High-Level Requirements for Tightly Coupled SIP Conferencing Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). Abstract This document examines a wide range of conferencing requirements for tightly coupled SIP conferences. Separate documents will map the requirements to existing protocol primitives, define new protocol extensions, and introduce new protocols as needed. Together, these documents will provide a guide for building interoperable SIP conferencing applications. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................2 2. An Overview .....................................................2 3. High-Level Requirements .........................................3 3.1. Discovery Phase ............................................3 3.2. Conference Creation ........................................4 3.3. Conference Termination .....................................4 3.4. Participants' Manipulations ................................4 3.4.1. Participation of a Conference-Unaware User Agent ......5 3.4.2. Dial-Out Scenarios ....................................5 3.4.3. Dial-In Scenarios .....................................5 3.4.4. Third-Party Invitation to a Conference ................6 3.4.5. Participants' Removal .................................6 3.4.6. Participants' Privacy .................................6 3.5. Conference State Information ...............................7 3.5.1. Description ...........................................7 3.5.2. Dissemination of Changes ..............................7 3.5.3. On-demand Information Dissemination ...................8 3.6. Focus Role Migration .......................................8 Levin & Even Informational [Page 1]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 3.7. Side-bar Conferences .......................................8 3.8. Cascading of Conferences ...................................9 3.9. SIMPLE and SIP Conferencing Coordination ...................9 4. Security Considerations ........................................10 5. Contributors ...................................................10 6. References .....................................................10 6.1. Normative References ......................................10 1. Introduction This document examines a wide range of conferencing requirements for tightly coupled SIP (RFC 3261 [2]) conferencing. The requirements are grouped by subjects in various areas allowing solutions to progress in parallel. Separate documents will map the requirements to existing protocol primitives, define new protocol extensions, and introduce new protocols as needed. Together, these documents will provide a guide for building interoperable SIP conferencing applications. The terms "MAY", "SHOULD", and "MUST" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1]. 2. An Overview A SIP conference is an association of SIP user agents (i.e., conference participants) with a central point (i.e., a conference focus), where the focus has direct peer-wise relationships with the participants by maintaining a separate SIP dialog with each. The focus is a SIP user agent that has abilities to host SIP conferences including their creation, maintenance, and manipulation using SIP call control means and potentially other non-SIP means. In this tightly coupled model, the SIP conference graph is always a star. The conference focus maintains the correlation among conference's dialogs internally. The conference focus can be implemented either by a participant or by a separate application server. In the first case, a focus is typically capable of hosting a simple ad hoc conference only. We envision that such basic conference can be established using SIP call control primitives only. Levin & Even Informational [Page 2]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 A dedicated conference server, in addition to the basic features, offers richer functionality including simultaneous conferences, large scalable conferences, reserved conferences, and managed conferences. A conferencing server can support any subset of the advanced conferencing functions presented in this document. The media graph of a SIP conference can be centralized, decentralized, or any combination of both, and potentially differ per media type. In the centralized case, the media sessions are established between the focus and each one of the participants. In the de-centralized (i.e., distributed) case, the media graph is a (multicast or multi-unicast) mesh among the participants. Consequently, the media processing (e.g., mixing) can be performed either by the focus alone or by the participants. Conference participants and third parties can have different roles and privileges in a certain conference. For example, conferencing policy can state that the rights to disconnect from and to invite to a conference are limited to the conference chair only. Throughout the document, by conference policies we mean a set of parameters and rules (e.g., maximum number of participants, needs chair-person supervision or not, password protected or not, duration, or a way of media mixing) that are defined at the onset of a conference. Typically, conference policies would be specified by a conference creator and need special privileges to be manipulated. Throughout the document, by a conference state we mean a set of information describing the conference in progress. This includes participants' information (such as dialog identifiers), media sessions in progress, the current loudest speaker, the current chair, etc. 3. High-Level Requirements In addition to the requirements presented in this document, supplementary requirements for conferencing policy, media mixing and other manipulations, floor control, privilege control, etc. will be discussed in separate documents. 3.1. Discovery Phase Some of the requirements presented in this section can be met either by configuration means or by using proprietary conventions. Nevertheless, there is consensus that standard means for implementing these functions by automata MUST be defined. Levin & Even Informational [Page 3]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 REQ-1: Discovery of a location of an arbitrary SIP conferencing server(s). REQ-2: Given a SIP Address-of-Record (AOR) of a certain entity, resolution whether the SIP entity has focus capabilities. REQ-3: Given a global identifier of a particular conference, locating the conference focus. REQ-4: Given a global identifier of a particular conference, obtaining the conference properties. REQ-5: Given a global identifier of a particular conference, obtaining the conference state information. 3.2. Conference Creation Given a focus location, a means MUST be defined for an interested entity (including a user agent) to implement the procedures below: REQ-1: Creation of an ad-hoc conference identifier and the conference with specified properties. REQ-2: Creation of a reserved conference identifier for a conference with specified properties. REQ-3: Specifying properties upon conference creation in any of the following ways: default, profiles, and explicitly. 3.3. Conference Termination REQ-1: Given a conference identifier, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to disconnect all participants from the conference and terminate the conference including the release of the associated resources. REQ-2: A means MAY be defined for requesting a focus to revert a two-party conference to a basic SIP point-to-point session including the release of the associated conferencing resources. 3.4. Participants' Manipulations Some of the requirements presented in this section can be met by human intervention, configuration means, or proprietary conventions. Nevertheless, there is consensus that standard means for implementing these functions by automata MUST be defined. Levin & Even Informational [Page 4]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 3.4.1. Participation of a Conference-Unaware User Agent REQ-1: Focus MUST be able to invite and disconnect an RFC 3261 compliant only SIP user agent to and from a SIP conference. REQ-2: An RFC 3261 compliant only SIP user agent MUST be able to dial-in to a particular SIP conference. In this case, only the human knows that he/she is connected to the conference. 3.4.2. Dial-Out Scenarios REQ-1: A means MUST be defined for a focus to invite another user agent to one of the focus' conferences. This procedure MUST result in the establishment of a single SIP dialog between the two. REQ-2: Given an existing SIP dialog between two user agents, if at least one user agent has focus capabilities, a means MUST be defined for the conference focus to invite the other user agent to one of the focus' conferences without additional SIP dialog establishment. REQ-3: An invitation to a user agent to join a conference MUST include a standard indication that it is a conference and the conference identifier. 3.4.3. Dial-In Scenarios REQ-1: A means MUST be defined for a user agent to create an ad hoc conference with default properties (as per "Conference Creation" REQ-1 above) and to become a participant using a single SIP dialog. REQ-2: Given a reserved conference identifier, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to activate the conference and to become a participant using a single SIP dialog. REQ-3: Given a conference identifier of an active conference, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to dial-in the conference and to become a participant using a single SIP dialog between the two. REQ-4: Given an identifier of one of the dialogs of a particular active conference, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to dial-in the conference and to become a participant. Levin & Even Informational [Page 5]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 3.4.4. Third-Party Invitation to a Conference REQ-1: Given a conference identifier, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to invite another user agent to this conference. REQ-2: Given an identifier of one of the dialogs of a particular active conference, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to invite another user agent to this conference. EQ-3: Given a conference identifier, a means SHOULD be defined for a user agent to invite a list of user agents to this conference (a so-called "mass invitation"). 3.4.5. Participants' Removal REQ-1: A means MUST be defined for a conference focus to remove a conference participant from the conference. REQ-2: Given a conference identifier, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to remove a participant from the conference. REQ-3: Given an identifier of one of the dialogs of a particular active conference, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to remove a participant from the conference. REQ-4: Given a conference identifier, a means MUST be defined for a user agent to remove all the participants from the conference. REQ-5: Given a conference identifier and a sub-list of participants, a means MAY be defined for a user agent to remove the specified participants from the conference (a so-called "mass ejection"). 3.4.6. Participants' Privacy A conference focus SHOULD support the procedures described in this section. A conference participant MAY support the procedures described in this section. The requirements imply that "anonymizing" operations MUST be performed on all: the call control, the media control, and the media content when appropriate. REQ-1: A conference participant joins the conference "anonymously"; that is, his/her presence can be announced but without disclosing his/her identity. REQ-2: A conference participant requests a focus for anonymous participation in the conference. Levin & Even Informational [Page 6]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 REQ-3: A conference participant joins a conference in a "hidden mode"; that is, his/her presence and identity are not to be disclosed to other participants. REQ-4: A conference participant requests a focus for participation in the conference in a hidden mode. 3.5 Conference State Information 3.5.1. Description By a conference state, we mean a virtual database describing the conference in progress. This includes different conference aspects: participants' information (such as dialog identifiers and state), media sessions in progress (such as current stream contributing sources and encoding schemes), the current loudest speaker, the current chair, etc. Conference state is the latest conference snapshot triggered by changes in participants' state, conference policy changes, etc. REQ-1: A conference state virtual database MUST have a modular definition that is, it MUST be possible to access different conference aspects independently. REQ-2: It MUST be possible to aggregate information relating to different conference aspects in a single report. REQ-3: A mechanism for extensible definition and registration of conference state evolving aspects MUST be present. REQ-4: A default conference state report MUST be defined. It SHOULD contain a minimal useful set of information (e.g., a list of current conference participants). 3.5.2. Dissemination of Changes REQ-1: A means MUST be defined for reporting the conference state changes to interested parties (including non-conference participants) in a timely manner. REQ-2: A means MUST be defined for a SIP user agent to express its interest in selected state changes only. REQ-3: A means MUST be defined for a SIP user agent to express the minimum interval between receiving state change reports. REQ-4: It MUST be possible to aggregate recent changes in a single reporting event. Levin & Even Informational [Page 7]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 REQ-5: Default conference state change reports MUST be defined. They SHOULD contain minimal useful to the participants information (e.g., participants' joining and leaving the conference). 3.5.3. On-demand Information Dissemination REQ-1: A means MUST be defined to disseminate any conference state information to interested parties (including SIP user agents) on-demand. REQ-2: A means MUST be defined for an interested party (including a SIP user agent) to request conference state information of a particular conference defined by the conference identifier. REQ-3: A means MUST be defined for an interested party (including a SIP user agent) to specify the subset of the conference state information it wants and is capable of receiving. 3.6. Focus Role Migration REQ-1: A procedure for delegating a focus role by the current focus to another participant MUST be defined. REQ-2: A procedure for requesting a conference focus to transfer its role to another participant MUST be defined. REQ-3: A procedure for on-demand unconditional transfer of the focus role to a different participant MUST be defined. REQ-4: A detection procedure for a focus failure condition MUST be defined. 3.7. Side-bar Conferences A standard means MUST be defined in order to implement the operations defined in this section below. REQ-1: A user agent (not a conference participant) joins a side-bar within the conference by SIP means. REQ-2: A user agent (not a conference participant) is invited to a side-bar within the conference by SIP means. REQ-3: A conference participant creates a side-bar conference with one or more participants in a conference by SIP means. REQ-4: A conference participant joins a side-bar within the conference by SIP means. Levin & Even Informational [Page 8]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 REQ-5: A conference participant is invited to a side-bar within the conference by SIP means. REQ-6: A conference-unaware user agent (a participant or not) creates and participates in side-bar conferences. It MAY be achieved by non-SIP means. REQ-7: A conference participant creates side-bar conferences within the conference without establishing any additional SIP dialogs with the focus. It MAY be achieved by non-SIP means. REQ-8: A conference participant joins any number of side-bars within the conference without establishing any additional SIP dialogs with the focus. It MAY be achieved by non-SIP means. REQ-9: A conference participant is invited to any number of side-bars within the conference without establishing any additional SIP dialogs with the focus. It MAY be achieved by non-SIP means. 3.8. Cascading of Conferences "Cascading of Conferences" is a term that has different meanings in different contexts. Some examples are listed below: - Peer-to-peer chaining of signaling. (Many ways exist to build the media graph in this case.) - Conferences have hierarchal signaling relations. (Many ways exists to build the media graph in this case.) - "Cascading" is used to distribute the media "mixing" only. The distribution of signaling is not required. As it can be seen from the examples, each will define a different set of requirements. 3.9. SIMPLE and SIP Conferencing Coordination REQ-1: SIMPLE-based Presence and Instant Messaging architecture SHOULD fit into the general SIP Conferencing architecture. REQ-2: A scenario where a multimedia SIP conference and a multiparty instant messaging conversation take place among the same group of participants MUST be addressed. REQ-3: A scenario where a side-bar and/or a sub-IM-conference is being held as a part of SIP conference MUST be addressed. Levin & Even Informational [Page 9]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 4. Security Considerations This document discusses high-level requirements for SIP conferencing. Conferencing has some specific security requirements, which will be summarized here at a very high level. All of the operations and functions described in this document need to be authorized by a focus or a participant. It is expected that conferences will be governed by a set of authorization rules defined as a part of the conference policy. In order for the conference policy to be implemented, the focus needs to be able to authenticate potential participants. Normal SIP mechanisms including Digest authentication and certificates can be used [2]. These conference- specific security requirements will be discussed in detail in the protocol documents. Conferencing also has privacy implications. Some of these are discussed in this document. Standard SIP mechanisms for a user agent to request privacy should be utilized by a focus and will be detailed in the protocol documents. 5. Contributors This work is based on the discussions among the members of the SIP Conferencing design team. 6. References 6.1. Normative References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A., Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and E. Schooler, "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002. Levin & Even Informational [Page 10]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 Authors' Addresses Orit Levin Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052 EMail: oritl@microsoft.com Roni Even Polycom 94 Derech Em Hamoshavot Petach Tikva, Israel EMail: roni.even@polycom.co.il Levin & Even Informational [Page 11]
RFC 4245 Conferencing Requirements November 2005 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Levin & Even Informational [Page 12]