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Network Working Group A. Patel
Request for Comments: 4064 K. Leung
Category: Standards Track Cisco Systems
May 2005
Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes for Mobile IPv4
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
Abstract
Mobile IPv4 message types range from 0 to 255. This document
reserves a message type for use by an individual, company, or
organization for experimental purposes, to evaluate enhancements to
Mobile IPv4 messages before a formal standards proposal is issued.
Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................. 2 2. Terminology .................................................. 3 3. Experimental Message ......................................... 3 4. Experimental Extensions ...................................... 4 4.1. Non-skippable Mobile IPv4 Experimental Extension ....... 5 4.2. Non-skippable ICMP Router Discovery Exp. Extension ..... 5 4.3. Skippable Mobile IPv4 Experimental Extension ........... 6 4.4. Skippable ICMP Router Discovery Experimental Extension . 6 5. Experimental Error Codes ..................................... 7 6. Mobility Entity Considerations ............................... 7 7. IANA Considerations .......................................... 7 7.1. New Message Type ....................................... 8 7.2. New Extension Values ................................... 8 7.3. New Error Codes ........................................ 8 8. Security Considerations ...................................... 8 9. Backward Compatibility Considerations ........................ 9 10. Acknowledgements.............................................. 9 11. References ................................................... 9 11.1. Normative References ................................... 9 11.2. Informative References ................................. 9 1. Introduction Mobile IPv4 message types range from 0 to 255. This document reserves a message type for experimental purposes, to evaluate enhancements to Mobile IPv4 messages before a formal standards proposal is issued. Without experimental message capability, one would have to select a type value from the range defined for IANA assignment, which may result in collisions. Within a message, Mobile IP defines a general extension mechanism allowing optional information to be carried by Mobile IP control messages. Extensions are not skippable if defined in the range [0- 127] and are skippable if defined in the range [128-255]. This document reserves extension types in both the skippable and non- skippable ranges for experimental use. Mobile IPv4 defines error codes for use by the FA [64-127] and HA [128-192]. This document reserves an error code in both of these ranges for experimental use. The definition of experimental numbers in this document is made according to the recommendation of Section 2.2 of BCP 82, RFC 3692. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [1]. In addition, this document frequently uses the following terms: EXP-MSG-TYPE: A Mobile-IPv4 message number assigned for experimental use. IANA has assigned message number 255 for this. EXP-SKIP-EXT-TYPE: A Mobile-IPv4 and ICMP router discovery Agent Advertisement extension number assigned for experimental use. IANA has assigned extension number 255 for this. EXP-NONSKIP-EXT-TYPE: A Mobile-IPv4 and ICMP router discovery Agent Advertisement extension number for experimental use. IANA has assigned extension number 127 for this. EXP-HA-ERROR-CODE: A Mobile-IPv4 error code for use by the HA in MIPv4 reply messages to indicate an error condition. IANA has assigned error code 192 for this. EXP-FA-ERROR-CODE: A Mobile-IPv4 error code for use by FA in reply messages to indicate an error condition. IANA has assigned error code 127 for this. Mobility Entity: Entities as defined in [2] (home agent, foreign agent, and mobile node). 3. Experimental Message As the nature and purpose of an experimental message cannot be known in advance, the structure is defined as having an opaque payload. Entities implementing the message can interpret the message according to their implementation. Interpreting based on extensions present in the message is one suggestion. These messages may be used between the mobility entities (Home Agent, Foreign Agent, and Mobile Node). Experimental messages MUST be authenticated using any of the authentication mechanisms defined for Mobile IP ([2], [5]). This message MAY contain extensions defined in Mobile IP, including vendor-specific extensions [4]. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 IP fields: Source Address: Typically the interface address from which the message is sent. Destination Address: The address of the agent or the Mobile Node. UDP fields: Source Port Set according to RFC 768 (variable) Destination Port Set to the value 434 Mobile IP fields shown below follow the UDP header. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Opaque. . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 255 (EXP-MSG-TYPE) Opaque Zero or more octets of data, with structure defined only by the particular experiment it is used for. Once an experimental message has been tested and shown to be useful, a permanent number should be obtained through the normal IANA numbers assignment procedures. A single experimental message type is defined. This message can contain extensions based on which the message can be interpreted. Up-to-date values for the message types for Mobile IP control messages are specified in the most recent "Assigned Numbers" [3]. 4. Experimental Extensions This document reserves Mobile IPv4 extensions in both the skippable and non-skippable ranges for experimental purposes. The long extension format (for non-skippable extensions) and short extension format (for skippable extensions), as defined by [2], are used for Mobile IPv4 experimental extensions. Also, ICMP router discovery extension numbers in both the skippable and non-skippable ranges are reserved for experimental use. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 4.1. Non-skippable Mobile IPv4 Experimental Extension This format is applicable for non-skippable extensions and may carry information more than 256 bytes. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Sub-Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Opaque. . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 127 (EXP-NONSKIP-EXT-TYPE) is the type, which describes an experimental extension. Sub-Type A unique number given to each member in the aggregated type. Length Indicates the length (in bytes) of the data field within this extension. It does NOT include the Type, Sub-Type, and Length fields. Opaque Zero or more octets of data, with structure defined only by the particular experiment it is used for. As the length field is 16 bits wide, the extension data can exceed 256 bytes in length. 4.2. Non-skippable ICMP Router Discovery Exp. Extension This format is applicable for non-skippable extensions. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Opaque . . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 127 (EXP-NONSKIP-EXT-TYPE) is the type, which describes an ICMP router discovery experimental extension. Length Indicates the length (in bytes) of the data field within this extension. It does NOT include the Type and Length fields. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 Opaque Zero or more octets of data, with structure defined only by the particular experiment it is used for. A node that receives a router advertisement with this extension should ignore the extension if it does not recognize it. A mobility entity that understands this extension but does not recognize it should drop (ignore) the router advertisement. 4.3. Skippable Mobile IPv4 Experimental Extension This format is applicable for skippable extensions, which carry information less than 256 bytes. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Sub-Type | Opaque. . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 255 (EXP-SKIP-EXT-TYPE) is the type, which describes an experimental extension. Length Indicates the length (in bytes) of the data field within this extension. It does NOT include the Type and Length fields. Sub-Type A unique number given to each member in the aggregated type. Opaque Zero or more octets of data, with structure defined only by the particular experiment it is used for. As the length field is 8 bits wide, the extension data cannot exceed 256 bytes in length. 4.4. Skippable ICMP Router Discovery Experimental Extension This format is applicable for skippable ICMP router discovery extensions. This extension should be ignored if an implementation does not understand it. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | Opaque. . . +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type 255 (EXP-SKIP-EXT-TYPE) is the type, which describes an experimental extension. Length Indicates the length (in bytes) of the data field within this extension. It does NOT include the Type and Length fields. Opaque Zero or more octets of data, with structure defined only by the particular experiment it is used for. 5. Experimental Error Codes This document reserves the reply error code EXP-FA-ERROR-CODE for use by the FA. This document also reserves the reply error code EXP-HA- ERROR-CODE for use by the HA. These experimental error codes may be used in registration reply messages. It is recommended that experimental error codes be used with experimental messages and extensions whenever none of the standardized error codes are applicable. 6. Mobility Entity Considerations Mobility entities can send and receive experimental messages. Implementations that don't understand the message type SHOULD silently discard the message. Experimental extensions can be carried in experimental messages and standards-defined messages. In the latter case, it is suggested that experimental extensions MUST NOT be used in deployed products and that usage be restricted to experiments only. 7. IANA Considerations This document defines a control message to be used between mobility entities, two new extension formats, and two new error codes. To ensure correct interoperation based on this specification, IANA has reserved values in the Mobile IPv4 number space, as defined in [2], for one new message type, two new extensions, and two error codes. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 7.1. New Message Type A new Mobile IPv4 control message using UDP port 434, type 255 (EXP- MSG-TYPE), has been defined by IANA. This value has been taken from the same number space as Mobile IP Registration Request (Type = 1) and Mobile IP Registration Reply (Type = 3). 7.2. New Extension Values The following extension types are introduced by this specification: Experimental non-skippable extension: The value 127 (EXP-NONSKIP- EXT-TYPE) has been assigned from the numbering space for non- skippable extensions, which may appear in Mobile IPv4 control messages. Also, the same number, 127 (EXP-NONSKIP-EXT-TYPE), has been assigned from the numbering space for non-skippable extensions, which may appear in ICMP router discovery messages. Experimental skippable extension: The value 255 (EXP-SKIP-EXT-TYPE) has been assigned from the numbering space for skippable extensions, which may appear in Mobile IPv4 control messages. Also, the same number, 255 (EXP-SKIP-EXT-TYPE), has been assigned from the numbering space for skippable extensions, which may appear in ICMP router discovery messages. 7.3. New Error Codes The value 192 (EXP-HA-ERROR-CODE) has been defined by IANA to be used as a code field in messages generated by HA. Also, the value 127 (EXP-FA-ERROR-CODE) has been defined by IANA to be used as the code field in messages generated by the FA. 8. Security Considerations Like all Mobile IP control messages, the experimental messages MUST be authenticated per the requirements specified in [2] or [5]. Experimental messages without a valid authenticator SHOULD be discarded. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 8]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 9. Backward Compatibility Considerations Mobility entities that don't understand the experimental message MUST silently discard it. Mobility entities that don't understand the experimental skippable extensions MUST ignore them. Mobility entities that don't understand the non-skippable experimental extensions MUST silently discard the message containing them. This behavior is consistent with section 1.8 of [2]. Foreign Agents and Home Agents SHOULD include an experimental error code in a reply message only if they have a general indication that the receiving entity would be able to parse it. This is indicated if the request message was of type EXP-MSG-TYPE or contained at least one experimental extension. 10. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge Henrik Levkowetz for his detailed review of the document and suggestion to incorporate experimental extensions in this draft. The authors would also like to acknowledge Thomas Narten for his initial review of the document and reference to [6] for general guidelines. 11. References 11.1. Normative References [1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [2] Perkins, C., "IP Mobility Support for IPv4", RFC 3344, August 2002. [3] Reynolds, J., "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database", RFC 3232, January 2002. 11.2. Informative References [4] Dommety, G. and K. Leung, "Mobile IP Vendor/Organization-Specific Extensions", RFC 3115, April 2001. [5] Perkins, C. and P. Calhoun, "Mobile IPv4 Challenge/Response Extensions", RFC 3012, November 2000. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 9]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 [6] Narten, T., "Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers Considered Useful", BCP 82, RFC 3692, January 2004. Authors' Addresses Questions and comments about this document should be directed to the Mobile IPv4 working group: mip4@ietf.org Questions and comments about this document may also be directed to the authors: Alpesh Patel Cisco Systems 170 W. Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134 USA Phone: +1 408-853-9580 EMail: alpesh@cisco.com Kent Leung Cisco Systems 170 W. Tasman Drive, San Jose, CA 95134 USA Phone: +1 408-526-5030 EMail: kleung@cisco.com Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 10]
RFC 4064 Experimental Message, Extensions, and Error Codes May 2005 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Patel & Leung Standards Track [Page 11]