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Network Working Group R. Droms
Request for Comments: 4014 J. Schnizlein
Category: Standards Track Cisco Systems
February 2005
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)
Attributes Suboption for the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Relay Agent Information Option
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
Abstract
The RADIUS Attributes suboption enables a network element to pass
identification and authorization attributes received during RADIUS
authentication to a DHCP server. When the DHCP server receives a
message from a relay agent containing a RADIUS Attributes suboption,
it extracts the contents of the suboption and uses that information
in selecting configuration parameters for the client.
1. Introduction and Background
The RADIUS Attributes suboption for the DHCP Relay Agent option
provides a way in which a NAS can pass attributes obtained from a
RADIUS server to a DHCP server [1]. IEEE 802.1X [2] is an example of
a mechanism through which a NAS such as a switch or a wireless LAN
access point can authenticate the identity of the user of a device
before providing layer 2 network access with RADIUS as the
Authentication Service, as specified in RFC 3580 [8]. In IEEE 802.1X
authenticated access, a device must first exchange some
authentication credentials with the NAS. The NAS then supplies these
credentials to a RADIUS server, which eventually sends either an
Access-Accept or an Access-Reject in response to an Access-Request.
The NAS, based on the reply of the RADIUS server, then allows or
denies network access to the requesting device.
Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption February 2005 Figure 1 summarizes the message exchange among the participants in IEEE 802.1X authentication. +-----------------+ |Device requesting| | network access | +-----------------+ | ^ | | (1) Request for access | | | (4) Success/Failure v | +-----------------+ | NAS | |(IEEE 802.1X and | |DHCP relay agent}| +-----------------+ | ^ | | (2) Request for authentication | | | (3) Access-Accept/Reject v | +-----------------+ | RADIUS | | Server | +-----------------+ Figure 1 The access device acts as an IEEE 802.1X Authenticator and adds a DHCP relay agent option that includes a RADIUS Attributes suboption to DHCP messages. At the successful conclusion of IEEE 802.1X authentication, a RADIUS Access-Accept provides attributes for service authorizations to the NAS. The NAS stores these attributes locally. When the NAS subsequently relays DHCP messages from the network device, the NAS adds these attributes in a RADIUS Attributes suboption. The RADIUS Attributes suboption is another suboption of the Relay Agent Information option [5]. The RADIUS Attributes suboption described in this document is not limited to use in conjunction with IEEE 802.1X and can be used to carry RADIUS attributes obtained by the relay agent for any reason. That is, the option is not limited to use with IEEE 802.1X but is constrained by RADIUS semantics (see Section 4). Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption February 2005 The scope of applicability of this specification is such that robust interoperability is only guaranteed for RADIUS service implementations that exist within the same scope as does the DHCP service implementation, i.e., within a single, localized administrative domain. Global interoperability of this specification, across administrative domains, is not required. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [3]. Within this specification, the use of the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" is with respect to RADIUS clients and servers that implement the optional features of this specification. The use of these key words does not create any normative requirements outside of that scope, and does not modify the base RADIUS specifications, such as RFC 2865 [4]. 2.1. DHCP Terminology The following terms are used as defined in RFC 2131 and RFC 3046: DHCP relay agent, DHCP server, DHCP client. 2.2. RADIUS Terminology The following terms are used in conjunction with RADIUS: RADIUS server: A RADIUS server is responsible for receiving user connection requests, authenticating the user, and then returning all configuration information necessary for the client to deliver service to the user. Attribute: A Type-Length-Value tuple encapsulating data elements as defined in RFC 2865 [4]. NAS: A Network Access Server (NAS) provides access to the network and operates as a client of RADIUS. The client is responsible for passing user information to designated RADIUS servers and then acting on the response that is returned. Unlike a traditional dial NAS, the NAS considered here may not have a protocol such as PPP through which it can pass configuration information from the RADIUS attributes to the client. Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption February 2005 2.3. IEEE 802.1X Terminology The following terms are used as defined in the IEEE 802.1X protocol: Authenticator, Supplicant. 3. RADIUS Attributes Suboption Format The RADIUS Attributes suboption is a new suboption for the DHCP Relay Agent option. The format of the RADIUS Attributes suboption is as follows: SubOpt Len RADIUS attributes code +-------+-----+------+------+------+------+--...-+------+ | 7 | N | o1 | o2 | o3 | o4 | | oN | +-------+-----+------+------+------+------+--...-+------+ The RADIUS attributes are encoded according to the encoding rules in RFC 2865, in octets o1...oN. The DHCP relay agent truncates the RADIUS attributes to fit in the RADIUS Attributes suboption. 4. DHCP Relay Agent Behavior When the DHCP relay agent receives a DHCP message from the client, it MAY append a DHCP Relay Agent Information option containing the RADIUS Attributes suboption, along with any other suboptions it is configured to supply. The RADIUS Attributes suboption MUST only contain the attributes provided in the RADIUS Access/Accept message. The DHCP relay agent MUST NOT add more than one RADIUS Attributes suboption in a message. The relay agent MUST include the User-Name and Framed-Pool attributes in the RADIUS Attributes suboption, if they are available, and MAY include other attributes. To avoid dependencies between the address allocation and other state information between the RADIUS server and the DHCP server, the DHCP relay agent SHOULD include only the attributes in the table below in an instance of the RADIUS Attributes suboption. The table, based on the analysis in RFC 3580 [8], lists attributes that MAY be included: Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption February 2005 # Attribute --- --------- 1 User-Name (RFC 2865 [3]) 6 Service-Type (RFC 2865) 26 Vendor-Specific (RFC 2865) 27 Session-Timeout (RFC 2865) 88 Framed-Pool (RFC 2869) 100 Framed-IPv6-Pool (RFC 3162 [7]) 5. DHCP Server Behavior When the DHCP server receives a message from a relay agent containing a RADIUS Attributes suboption, it extracts the contents of the suboption and uses that information in selecting configuration parameters for the client. If the relay agent relays RADIUS attributes not included in the table in Section 4, the DHCP server SHOULD ignore them. If the DHCP server uses attributes not specified here, it might result in side effects not anticipated in the existing RADIUS specifications. 6. DHCP Client Behavior Relay agent options are exchanged only between relay agents and the DHCP server, so DHCP clients are never aware of their use. 7. Security Considerations Message authentication in DHCP for intradomain use where the out-of-band exchange of a shared secret is feasible is defined in RFC 3118 [6]. Potential exposures to attack are discussed in section 7 of the DHCP protocol specification in RFC 2131 [1]. The DHCP Relay Agent option depends on a trusted relationship between the DHCP relay agent and the server, as described in section 5 of RFC 3046 [5]. Although the introduction of fraudulent relay-agent options can be prevented by a perimeter defense that blocks these options unless the relay agent is trusted, a deeper defense using the authentication option for relay agent options [9] or IPsec [10] SHOULD be deployed as well. 8. IANA Considerations IANA has assigned the value of 7 for the DHCP Relay Agent Information option suboption code for this suboption. This document does not define any new namespaces or other constants for which IANA must maintain a registry. Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 5]
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption February 2005 9. Acknowledgements Expert advice from Bernard Aboba, Paul Funk, David Nelson, Ashwin Palekar, and Greg Weber on avoiding RADIUS entanglements is gratefully acknowledged. 10. References 10.1. Normative References [1] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, March 1997. [2] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Port based Network Access Control", IEEE Standard 802.1X, March 2001. [3] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. [4] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson, "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June 2000. [5] Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option", RFC 3046, January 2001. 10.2. Informative References [6] Droms, R. and W. Arbaugh, "Authentication for DHCP Messages", RFC 3118, June 2001. [7] Aboba, B., Zorn, G., and D. Mitton, "RADIUS and IPv6", RFC 3162, August 2001. [8] Congdon, P., Aboba, B., Smith, A., Zorn, G., and J. Roese, "IEEE 802.1X Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) Usage Guidelines", RFC 3580, September 2003. [9] Stapp, M. and T. Lemon, "The Authentication Suboption for the DHCP Relay Agent Option", Work in Progress, October 2003. [10] Droms, R., "Authentication of DHCP Relay Agent Options Using IPsec", Work in Progress, September 2003. Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 6]
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption February 2005 Authors' Addresses Ralph Droms Cisco Systems 1414 Massachusetts Avenue Boxborough, MA 01719 USA EMail: rdroms@cisco.com John Schnizlein Cisco Systems 9123 Loughran Road Fort Washington, MD 20744 USA EMail: jschnizl@cisco.com Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 7]
RFC 4014 RADIUS Attributes Suboption February 2005 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in IETF Documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf- ipr@ietf.org. Acknowledgement Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the Internet Society. Droms & Schnizlein Standards Track [Page 8]