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Network Working Group E. Levinson
Request for Comments: 2111 XIson, Inc.
Category: Standards Track March 1997
Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource Locators
Status of this Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) schemes, "cid:" and "mid:" allow
references to messages and the body parts of messages. For example,
within a single multipart message, one HTML body part might include
embedded references to other parts of the same message.
1. Introduction
The use of [MIME] within email to convey Web pages and their
associated images requires a URL scheme to permit the HTML to refer
to the images or other data included in the message. The Content-ID
Uniform Resource Locator, "cid:", serves that purpose.
Similarly Net News readers use Message-IDs to link related messages
together. The Message-ID URL provides a scheme, "mid:", to refer to
such messages as a "resource".
The "mid" (Message-ID) and "cid" (Content-ID) URL schemes provide
identifiers for messages and their body parts. The "mid" scheme uses
(a part of) the message-id of an email message to refer to a specific
message. The "cid" scheme refers to a specific body part of a
message; its use is generally limited to references to other body
parts in the same message as the referring body part. The "mid"
scheme may also refer to a specific body part within a designated
message, by including the content-ID's address.
A note on terminology. The terms "body part" and "MIME entity" are
used interchangeably. They refer to the headers and body of a MIME
message, either the message itself or one of the body parts contained
in a Multipart message.
Levinson Standards Track [Page 1]
RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997 2. The MID and CID URL Schemes RFC1738 [URL] reserves the "mid" and "cid" schemes for Message-ID and Content-ID respectively. This memorandum defines the syntax for those URLs. Because they use the same syntactic elements they are presented together. The URLs take the form content-id = url-addr-spec message-id = url-addr-spec url-addr-spec = addr-spec ; URL encoding of RFC 822 addr-spec cid-url = "cid" ":" content-id mid-url = "mid" ":" message-id [ "/" content-id ] Note: in Internet mail messages, the addr-spec in a Content-ID [MIME] or Message-ID [822] header are enclosed in angle brackets (<>). Since addr-spec in a Message-ID or Content-ID might contain characters not allowed within a URL; any such character (including "/", which is reserved within the "mid" scheme) must be hex- encoded using the %hh escape mechanism in [URL]. A "mid" URL with only a "message-id" refers to an entire message. With the appended "content-id", it refers to a body part within a message, as does a "cid" URL. The Content-ID of a MIME body part is required to be globally unique. However, in many systems that store messages, body parts are not indexed independently their context (message). The "mid" URL long form was designed to supply the context needed to support interoperability with such systems. A implementation conforming to this specification is required to support the "mid" URL long form (message-id/content-id). Conforming implementations can choose to, but are not required to, take advantage of the content-id's uniqueness and interpret a "cid" URL to refer to any body part within the message store. In limited circumstances (e.g., within multipart/alternate), a single message may contain several body parts that have the same Content-ID. That occurs, for example, when identical data can be accessed through different methods [MIME, sect. 7.2.3]. In those cases, conforming implementations are required to use the rules of the containing MIME entity (e.g., multi-part/alternate) to select the body part to which the Content-ID refers. Levinson Standards Track [Page 2]
RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997 A "cid" URL is converted to the corresponding Content-ID message header [MIME] by removing the "cid:" prefix, converting %hh hex- escaped characters to their ASCII equivalents and enclosing the remaining parts with an angle bracket pair, "<" and ">". For example, "mid:foo4%25foo1@bar.net" corresponds to Message-ID: <foo4%foo1@bar.net> A "mid" URL is converted to a Message-ID or Message-ID/Content-ID pair in a similar fashion. Both message-id and content-id are required to be globally unique. That is, no two different messages will ever have the same Message-ID addr-spec; no different body parts will ever have the same Content-ID addr-spec. A common technique used by many message systems is to use a time and date stamp along with the local host's domain name, e.g., 950124.162336@XIson.com. Some Examples The following message contains an HTML body part that refers to an image contained in another body part. Both body parts are contained in a Multipart/Related MIME entity. The HTML IMG tag contains a cidurl which points to the image. From: foo1@bar.net To: foo2@bar.net Subject: A simple example Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="boundary-example-1"; type=Text/HTML --boundary-example 1 Content-Type: Text/HTML; charset=US-ASCII ... text of the HTML document, which might contain a hyperlink to the other body part, for example through a statement such as: <IMG SRC="cid:foo4*foo1@bar.net" ALT="IETF logo"> --boundary-example-1 Content-ID: foo4*foo1@bar.net Content-Type: IMAGE/GIF Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64 Levinson Standards Track [Page 3]
RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997 R0lGODlhGAGgAPEAAP/////ZRaCgoAAAACH+PUNvcHlyaWdodCAoQykgMTk5 NSBJRVRGLiBVbmF1dGhvcml6ZWQgZHVwbGljYXRpb24gcHJvaGliaXRlZC4A etc... --boundary-example-1-- The following message points to another message (hopefully still in the recipient's message store). From: bar@none.com To: phooey@all.com Subject: Here's how to do it Content-type: text/html; charset=usascii ... The items in my <A HREF= "mid:960830.1639@XIson.com/partA.960830.1639@XIson.com"> previous message</A>, shows how the approach you propose can be used to accomplish ... 3. Security Considerations The URLs defined here provide an addressing or referencing mechanism. The values of these URLs disclose no more about the originators environment than the corresponding Message-ID and Content-ID values. Where concern exists about such disclosures the originator of a message using mid and cid URLs must take precautions to insure that confidential information is not disclosed. Those precautions should already be in place to handle existing mail use of the Message-ID and Content-ID. 4. References [822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages," August 1982, University of Delaware, STD 11, RFC 822. [MIME] N. Borenstein, N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies," September 1993, RFC 1521. [URL] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., and McCahill, M., "Uniform Resource Locators (URL)," December 1994. [MULREL] E. Levinson, "The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type," December 1995, RFC 1874. Levinson Standards Track [Page 4]
RFC 2111 CID and MID URLs March 1997 5. Acknowledgments The original concept of "mid" and "cid" URLs were part of the Tim Berners-Lee's original vision of the World Wide Web. The ideas and design have benefited greatly by discussions with Harald Alvestrand, Dan Connolly, Roy Fielding, Larry Masinter, Jacob Palme, and others in the MHTML working group. 6. Author's Address Edward Levinson 47 Clive Street Metuchen, NJ 08840-1060 USA +1 908 549 3716 <XIson@cnj.digex.net> Levinson Standards Track [Page 5]