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Network Working Group U. Choi
Request for Comments: 1557 K. Chon
Category: Informational KAIST
H. Park
Solvit Chosun Media
December 1993
Korean Character Encoding for Internet Messages
Status of this Memo
This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo
does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of
this memo is unlimited.
Introduction
This document describes the encoding method being used to represent
Korean characters in both header and body part of the Internet mail
messages [RFC822]. This encoding method was specified in 1991, and
has since then been used. It has now widely being used in Korean IP
networks.
This document also describes the name of the encoding method which is
to be used in order to match the message header and body format of
MIME [MIME1, MIME2].
This document describes only the encoding method for plain text.
Other text subtypes, rich text and similar forms of text, are beyond
the scope of this document.
Description
It is assumed that the starting code of the message is ASCII. ASCII
and Korean characters can be distinguished by use of the shift
function. For example, the code SO will alert us that the upcoming
bytes will be a Korean character as defined in KSC 5601. To return
to ASCII the SI code is used.
Therefore, the escape sequence, shift function and character set used
in a message are as follows:
SO KSC 5601
SI ASCII
ESC $ ) C Appears once in the beginning of a line
before any appearance of SO characters.
Choi, Chon & Park [Page 1]
RFC 1557 Korean Character Encoding December 1993 The KSC 5601 [KSC5601] character set that includes Hangul, Hanja (Chinese ideographic characters), graphic and foreign characters, etc., is two bytes long for each character. For more information about Korean character sets please refer to the KSC 5601-1987 document. Also, for more detailed information about the escape sequence and the shift function you can look for the ISO 2022 [ISO2022] document. Formal Syntax Where this document in its formal syntax does not agree with the description part, priority should be given to the formal syntax of the document. The notations used in this section of the document are according to those used in STD 11, RFC 822 [RFC822] with the same meaning. * (asterisk) has the following meaning : l*m "anything" The above means that "anything" has to be used at least l times and at most m times. Default values for l and m are 0 and infinitive, respectively. body = *e-line *1( designator *( e-line / h-line )) designator = ESC "$" ")" "C" e-line = *text CRLF h-line = *text 1*( segment *text ) CRLF segment = SO 1*(one-of-94 one-of-94 SI ; ( Octal, Decimal.) ESC = <ISO 2022 ESC, escape> ; ( 33, 27.) SO = <ASCII SO, shift out> ; ( 16, 14.) SI = <ASCII SI, shift in> ; ( 17, 15.) SP = <ASCII SP, space> ; ( 40, 32.) Choi, Chon & Park [Page 2]
RFC 1557 Korean Character Encoding December 1993 one-of-94 = <any char in 94-char set> ; (41-176, 33.-126.) CHAR = <any ASCII character> ; ( 0-177, 0.-127.) text = <any CHAR, including bare CR & bare LF, but NOT including CRLF, and not including ESC, SI, SO> MIME and RFC 1522 Considerations The name to be used for the Hangul encoding scheme in the contents is "ISO-2022-KR". This name when used in MIME message form would be: Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-2022-kr Since the Hangul encoding is done with 7 bit format in nature, the Content-Transfer-Encoding-header does not need to be used. However, while using the Hangul encoding, current Hangul message softwares does not support Base64 or Quoted-Printable encoding applied on already encoded Hangul messages. The Hangul encoded in the header part of the message is Korean EUC [EUC-KR]. In the EUC-KR encoding, the bytes with 8th bit set will be recognized as KSC-5601 characters. To use Hangul in the header part, according to the method proposed in RFC 1522, the encoded Hangul are "B" or "Q" encoded. When doing so, the name to be used will be EUC- KR. Background Information The Hangul encoding system is based on the ISO 2022 [ISO2022] environment according to its 4/4 announcement. However, the Hangul encoding does not include the announcement's escape sequence. The KSC 5601 used in this document is, in definition, identical to the KSC 5601-1987, KSC 5601-1989 and KSC 5601-1992's 94x94 octet definition. Therefore, any revision that refers to KSC-5601 after 1992 is to be considered as having the same meaning. At present, the Hangul encoding system is based on the experience acquired from the former widely used "N-Byte Hangul" among UNIX users. Actually, the encoding method, "N-Byte Hangul", using SO and SI was the encoding method used in SDN before KSC 5601 was made a national standard. This code is intended to be used for the information interchange of Hangul messages; any other use of the code is not considered appropriate. Choi, Chon & Park [Page 3]
RFC 1557 Korean Character Encoding December 1993 References [ASCII] American National Standards Institute, "Coded character set -- 7-bit American national standard code for information interchange", ANSI X3.4-1968 [ISO2022] International Organization for Standardization (ISO), "Information processing -- ISO 7-bit and 8-bit coded character sets -- Code extension techniques", International Standard, 1986, Ref. No. ISO 2022-1986 (E). [KSC5601] Korea Industrial Standards Association, "Code for Information Interchange (Hangul and Hanja)," Korean Industrial Standard, 1987, Ref. No. KS C 5601-1987. [EUC-KR] Korea Industrial Standards Association, "Hangul Unix Environment," Korean Industrial Standard, 1992, Ref. No. KS C 5861-1992. [RFC822] Crocker, D., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages", STD 11, RFC 822, UDEL, August 1982. [MIME1] Borenstein, N., and N. Freed, "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions): Part One: Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies", RFC 1521, Bellcore, Innosoft, September 1993. [MIME2] Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part Two: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text", RFC 1522, University of Tennessee, September 1993. Security Considerations Security issues are not discussed in this memo. Acknowledgments The authors wants to thank all the people who assisted in writing this document. In particular, we thank Erik von der Poel, Felix M. Villarreal, Ienup Sung, Kyoung Namgoong, and Kyuho Kim. Choi, Chon & Park [Page 4]
RFC 1557 Korean Character Encoding December 1993 Authors' Addresses Uhhyung Choi Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Taejon, 305-701, Republic of Korea Phone: +82-42-869-8718 Fax: +82-42-869-3510 EMail: uhhyung@kaist.ac.kr Kilnam Chon Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science Taejon, 305-701, Republic of Korea Phone: +82-42-869-3514 Fax: +82-42-869-3510 EMail: chon@cosmos.kaist.ac.kr Hyunje Park Solvit Chosun Media, Inc. 748-16 Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu Seoul, 135-080, Republic of Korea Phone: +82-2-561-0361 Fax: +82-2-569-4847 EMail: hjpark@dino.media.co.kr Choi, Chon & Park [Page 5]